Which Of The Two Animals Is More "Resilient" To The "Urban Sprawl" Around Their Native Habitat?
PARIS, 6 May – Nature is failing globally at rates unprecedented in human history – and the charge per unit of species extinctions is accelerating, with grave impacts on people around the world now likely, warns a landmark new written report from the Intergovernmental Scientific discipline-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), the summary of which was approved at the 7th session of the IPBES Plenary, meeting last week (29 April – 4 May) in Paris.
"The overwhelming show of the IPBES Global Cess, from a wide range of different fields of cognition, presents an ominous picture," said IPBES Chair, Sir Robert Watson. "The wellness of ecosystems on which nosotros and all other species depend is deteriorating more rapidly than always. We are eroding the very foundations of our economies, livelihoods, food security, health and quality of life worldwide."
"The Report likewise tells u.s. that it is not too late to make a difference, but only if we outset at present at every level from local to global," he said. "Through 'transformative change', nature can still be conserved, restored and used sustainably – this is also key to meeting most other global goals. By transformative change, nosotros mean a key, system-wide reorganization across technological, economic and social factors, including paradigms, goals and values."
"The member States of IPBES Plenary have now acknowledged that, by its very nature, transformative alter can await opposition from those with interests vested in the status quo, simply also that such opposition can be overcome for the broader public good," Watson said.
The IPBES Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services is the most comprehensive ever completed. It is the offset intergovernmental Report of its kind and builds on the landmark Millennium Ecosystem Assessment of 2005, introducing innovative means of evaluating evidence.
Compiled by 145 expert authors from fifty countries over the past three years, with inputs from another 310 contributing authors, the Report assesses changes over the past 5 decades, providing a comprehensive picture of the relationship between economic evolution pathways and their impacts on nature. It also offers a range of possible scenarios for the coming decades.
Based on the systematic review of about xv,000 scientific and regime sources, the Report as well draws (for the get-go time ever at this scale) on indigenous and local cognition, especially addressing issues relevant to Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities.
"Biodiversity and nature'southward contributions to people are our common heritage and humanity'southward well-nigh important life-supporting 'safety cyberspace'. But our condom net is stretched near to breaking point," said Prof. Sandra Díaz (Argentine republic), who co-chaired the Assessment with Prof. Josef Settele (Federal republic of germany) and Prof. Eduardo S. Brondízio (Brazil and USA).
"The diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems, too as many fundamental contributions we derive from nature, are failing fast, although we yet accept the means to ensure a sustainable hereafter for people and the planet."
The boilerplate abundance of native species in most major state-based habitats has fallen past at least 20%, mostly since 1900. More 40% of amphibian species, nigh 33% of reef-forming corals and more than than a 3rd of all marine mammals are threatened. The picture is less articulate for insect species, but available show supports a tentative guess of 10% being threatened. At to the lowest degree 680 vertebrate species had been driven to extinction since the 16th century and more than 9% of all domesticated breeds of mammals used for nutrient and agronomics had become extinct by 2016, with at to the lowest degree i,000 more breeds however threatened.
"Ecosystems, species, wild populations, local varieties and breeds of domesticated plants and animals are shrinking, deteriorating or vanishing. The essential, interconnected web of life on Earth is getting smaller and increasingly frayed," said Prof. Settele. "This loss is a direct effect of human being activeness and constitutes a straight threat to human well-being in all regions of the world."
To increase the policy-relevance of the Report, the assessment's authors take ranked, for the offset time at this calibration and based on a thorough analysis of the available evidence, the 5 direct drivers of change in nature with the largest relative global impacts so far. These culprits are, in descending order: (ane) changes in land and sea utilize; (2) direct exploitation of organisms; (3) climate change; (four) pollution and (five) invasive alien species.
The Study notes that, since 1980, greenhouse gas emissions accept doubled, raising average global temperatures past at least 0.seven degrees Celsius – with climate change already impacting nature from the level of ecosystems to that of genetics – impacts expected to increase over the coming decades, in some cases surpassing the impact of state and body of water use alter and other drivers.
Despite progress to conserve nature and implement policies, the Report likewise finds that global goals for conserving and sustainably using nature and achieving sustainability cannot be met by current trajectories, and goals for 2030 and beyond may only be accomplished through transformative changes across economic, social, political and technological factors. With good progress on components of merely four of the xx Aichi Biodiversity Targets, it is probable that nigh will be missed by the 2020 borderline. Current negative trends in biodiversity and ecosystems will undermine progress towards 80% (35 out of 44) of the assessed targets of the Sustainable Development Goals, related to poverty, hunger, wellness, h2o, cities, climate, oceans and land (SDGs one, 2, 3, half-dozen, 11, xiii, 14 and 15). Loss of biodiversity is therefore shown to be not but an ecology upshot, but also a developmental, economic, security, social and moral issue as well.
"To improve sympathise and, more chiefly, to accost the principal causes of damage to biodiversity and nature'due south contributions to people, we need to empathize the history and global interconnection of circuitous demographic and economic indirect drivers of modify, as well equally the social values that underpin them," said Prof. Brondízio. "Central indirect drivers include increased population and per capita consumption; technological innovation, which in some cases has lowered and in other cases increased the impairment to nature; and, critically, issues of governance and accountability. A design that emerges is one of global interconnectivity and 'telecoupling' – with resource extraction and production oft occurring in one part of the world to satisfy the needs of afar consumers in other regions."
Other notable findings of the Report include:
- Three-quarters of the land-based environs and about 66% of the marine environment have been significantly altered past human deportment. On boilerplate these trends have been less astringent or avoided in areas held or managed by Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities.
- More than than a third of the world's land surface and nearly 75% of freshwater resource are at present devoted to crop or livestock production.
- The value of agricultural crop production has increased by nearly 300% since 1970, raw timber harvest has risen by 45% and approximately 60 billion tons of renewable and nonrenewable resources are now extracted globally every twelvemonth – having near doubled since 1980.
- Land degradation has reduced the productivity of 23% of the global land surface, up to Usa$577 billion in annual global crops are at risk from pollinator loss and 100-300 one thousand thousand people are at increased risk of floods and hurricanes because of loss of coastal habitats and protection.
- In 2015, 33% of marine fish stocks were existence harvested at unsustainable levels; 60% were maximally sustainably fished, with just seven% harvested at levels lower than what can be sustainably fished.
- Urban areas have more than doubled since 1992.
- Plastic pollution has increased tenfold since 1980, 300-400 one thousand thousand tons of heavy metals, solvents, toxic sludge and other wastes from industrial facilities are dumped annually into the world's waters, and fertilizers inbound coastal ecosystems have produced more than 400 bounding main 'dead zones', totalling more than than 245,000 km2 (591-595) – a combined surface area greater than that of the Britain.
- Negative trends in nature will continue to 2050 and beyond in all of the policy scenarios explored in the Report, except those that include transformative modify – due to the projected impacts of increasing country-utilise change, exploitation of organisms and climate change, although with pregnant differences betwixt regions.
The Report too presents a wide range of illustrative actions for sustainability and pathways for achieving them across and betwixt sectors such as agriculture, forestry, marine systems, freshwater systems, urban areas, energy, finance and many others. It highlights the importance of, amidst others, adopting integrated direction and cross-sectoral approaches that take into account the trade-offs of food and energy production, infrastructure, freshwater and littoral management, and biodiversity conservation.
Also identified as a primal chemical element of more sustainable time to come policies is the evolution of global financial and economic systems to build a global sustainable economy, steering away from the current limited paradigm of economic growth.
"IPBES presents the authoritative science, knowledge and the policy options to decision-makers for their consideration," said IPBES Executive Secretary, Dr. Anne Larigauderie. "Nosotros thank the hundreds of experts, from around the world, who have volunteered their time and knowledge to help address the loss of species, ecosystems and genetic diversity – a truly global and generational threat to human well-being."
Farther Information on Cardinal Problems from the Report
Scale of Loss of Nature
- Gains from societal and policy responses, while important, take not stopped massive losses.
- Since 1970, trends in agronomical production, fish harvest, bioenergy production and harvest of materials take increased, in response to population growth, ascent demand and technological development, this has come at a steep cost, which has been unequally distributed within and beyond countries. Many other cardinal indicators of nature'south contributions to people nonetheless, such as soil organic carbon and pollinator variety, have declined, indicating that gains in material contributions are oftentimes non sustainable .
- The step of agricultural expansion into intact ecosystems has varied from country to country. Losses of intact ecosystems accept occurred primarily in the torrid zone, home to the highest levels of biodiversity on the planet. For example, 100 1000000 hectares of tropical forest were lost from 1980 to 2000, resulting mainly from cattle ranching in Latin America (most 42 1000000 hectares) and plantations in South-Eastern asia (about 7.5 meg hectares, of which eighty% is for palm oil, used mostly in food, cosmetics, cleaning products and fuel) among others.
- Since 1970 the global human population has more than doubled (from 3.seven to 7.vi billion), rise unevenly beyond countries and regions; and per capita gross domestic product is four times higher – with ever-more distant consumers shifting the environmental brunt of consumption and production across regions.
- The average abundance of native species in most major country-based habitats has fallen by at least 20%, by and large since 1900.
- The numbers of invasive alien species per country have risen by virtually 70% since 1970, beyond the 21 countries with detailed records.
- The distributions of almost half (47%) of land-based flightless mammals, for example, and near a quarter of threatened birds, may already have been negatively affected by climatic change.
Indigenous Peoples, Local Communities and Nature
- At least a quarter of the global state area is traditionally owned, managed, used or occupied by Indigenous Peoples. These areas include approximately 35% of the area that is formally protected, and approximately 35% of all remaining terrestrial areas with very low human being intervention.
- Nature managed by Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities is under increasing pressure but is generally declining less rapidly than in other lands – although 72% of local indicators developed and used by Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities show the deterioration of nature that underpins local livelihoods.
- The areas of the globe projected to experience significant negative effects from global changes in climate, biodiversity, ecosystem functions and nature'south contributions to people are too areas in which large concentrations of Ethnic Peoples and many of the world'southward poorest communities reside.
- Regional and global scenarios currently lack and would benefit from an explicit consideration of the views, perspectives and rights of Ethnic Peoples and Local Communities, their cognition and understanding of large regions and ecosystems, and their desired future development pathways. Recognition of the knowledge, innovations and practices, institutions and values of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities and their inclusion and participation in ecology governance oftentimes enhances their quality of life, as well as nature conservation, restoration and sustainable use. Their positive contributions to sustainability can be facilitated through national recognition of land tenure, access and resources rights in accord with national legislation, the application of free, prior and informed consent, and improved collaboration, off-white and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use, and co-management arrangements with local communities.
Global Targets and Policy Scenarios
- Past and ongoing rapid declines in biodiversity, ecosystem functions and many of nature'southward contributions to people hateful that most international societal and environmental goals, such every bit those embodied in the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and the 2030 Calendar for Sustainable Evolution volition not exist achieved based on current trajectories.
- The authors of the Report examined six policy scenarios – very different 'baskets' of clustered policy options and approaches, including 'Regional Competition', 'Business as Usual' and 'Global Sustainability' – projecting the likely impacts on biodiversity and nature's contributions to people of these pathways by 2050. They concluded that, except in scenarios that include transformative change, the negative trends in nature, ecosystem functions and in many of nature'south contributions to people will continue to 2050 and beyond due to the projected impacts of increasing land and sea use modify, exploitation of organisms and climatic change.
Policy Tools, Options and Exemplary Practices
- Policy actions and societal initiatives are helping to raise sensation near the impact of consumption on nature, protecting local environments, promoting sustainable local economies and restoring degraded areas. Together with initiatives at various levels these have contributed to expanding and strengthening the current network of ecologically representative and well-connected protected area networks and other effective area-based conservation measures, the protection of watersheds and incentives and sanctions to reduce pollution .
- The Report presents an illustrative list of possible actions and pathways for achieving them across locations, systems and scales, which will exist near probable to support sustainability. Taking an integrated approach:
- In agriculture , the Report emphasizes, among others: promoting skillful agronomical and agroecological practices; multifunctional landscape planning (which simultaneously provides food security, livelihood opportunities, maintenance of species and ecological functions) and cantankerous-sectoral integrated management. It as well points to the importance of deeper appointment of all actors throughout the food organization (including producers, the public sector, ceremonious society and consumers) and more integrated mural and watershed management; conservation of the diversity of genes, varieties, cultivars, breeds, landraces and species; as well as approaches that empower consumers and producers through market transparency, improved distribution and localization (that revitalizes local economies), reformed supply chains and reduced nutrient waste.
- In marine systems , the Study highlights, among others: ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management; spatial planning; constructive quotas; marine protected areas; protecting and managing central marine biodiversity areas; reducing run- off pollution into oceans and working closely with producers and consumers.
- In freshwater systems , policy options and actions include, amid others: more inclusive water governance for collaborative water direction and greater equity; ameliorate integration of water resources management and mural planning across scales; promoting practices to reduce soil erosion, sedimentation and pollution run-off; increasing h2o storage; promoting investment in water projects with articulate sustainability criteria; as well as addressing the fragmentation of many freshwater policies.
- In urban areas , the Report highlights, among others: promotion of nature-based solutions; increasing access to urban services and a healthy urban environment for low-income communities; improving admission to green spaces; sustainable production and consumption and ecological connectivity within urban spaces, particularly with native species.
- Beyond all examples, the Report recognises the importance of including different value systems and diverse interests and worldviews in formulating policies and actions. This includes the total and constructive participation of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities in governance, the reform and evolution of incentive structures and ensuring that biodiversity considerations are prioritised across all key sector planning.
- "We accept already seen the commencement stirrings of actions and initiatives for transformative change, such as innovative policies by many countries, local government and businesses, just peculiarly by young people worldwide," said Sir Robert Watson. "From the young global shapers behind the #VoiceforthePlanet move, to schoolhouse strikes for climate, at that place is a groundswell of understanding that urgent action is needed if we are to secure annihilation approaching a sustainable time to come. The IPBES Global Cess Study offers the best available expert prove to assistance inform these decisions, policies and actions – and provides the scientific basis for the biodiversity framework and new decadal targets for biodiversity, to be decided in late 2020 in China, under the auspices of the Un Convention on Biological Diversity."
By the Numbers – Key Statistics and Facts from the Report
Full general
- 75%: terrestrial environment "severely altered" to date by homo actions (marine environments 66%)
- 47%: reduction in global indicators of ecosystem extent and condition against their estimated natural baselines, with many continuing to reject past at least 4% per decade
- 28%: global state area held and/or managed by Indigenous Peoples , including >40% of formally protected areas and 37% of all remaining terrestrial areas with very low man intervention
- +/-60 billion: tons of renewable and non-renewable resources extracted globally each yr, up most 100% since 1980
- fifteen%: increase in global per capita consumption of materials since 1980
- >85%: of wetlands present in 1700 had been lost past 2000 – loss of wetlands is currently three times faster, in percentage terms, than forest loss.
Species, Populations and Varieties of Plants and Animals
- eight million: total estimated number of fauna and institute species on Earth (including 5.v million insect species)
- Tens to hundreds of times: the extent to which the current charge per unit of global species extinction is higher compared to boilerplate over the last x meg years, and the rate is accelerating
- Upwardly to 1 meg: species threatened with extinction, many within decades
- >500,000 (+/-9%): share of the globe'south estimated five.nine million terrestrial species with insufficient habitat for long term survival without habitat restoration
- >forty%: amphibian species threatened with extinction
- Nigh 33%: reef forming corals, sharks and shark relatives, and >33% marine mammals threatened with extinction
- 25%: average proportion of species threatened with extinction across terrestrial, freshwater and marine vertebrate, invertebrate and plant groups that have been studied in sufficient detail
- At to the lowest degree 680: vertebrate species driven to extinction by human actions since the 16th century
- +/-10%: tentative guess of proportion of insect species threatened with extinction
- >twenty%: reject in average abundance of native species in nigh major terrestrial biomes, mostly since 1900
+/-560 (+/-x%): domesticated breeds of mammals were extinct by 2016, with at least one,000 more than threatened - 3.5%: domesticated breed of birds extinct past 2016
- 70%: increase since 1970 in numbers of invasive conflicting species across 21 countries with detailed records
- 30%: reduction in global terrestrial habitat integrity acquired past habitat loss and deterioration
- 47%: proportion of terrestrial flightless mammals and 23% of threatened birds whose distributions may accept been negatively impacted by climate change already
- >6: species of ungulate (hoofed mammals) would likely exist extinct or surviving only in captivity today without conservation measures
Nutrient and Agronomics
- 300%: increment in food ingather production since 1970
- 23%: land areas that have seen a reduction in productivity due to land degradation
- >75%: global food crop types that rely on animal pollination
- US$235 to US$577 billion: almanac value of global crop output at chance due to pollinator loss
- 5.6 gigatons: annual CO2 emissions sequestered in marine and terrestrial ecosystems – equivalent to threescore% of global fossil fuel emission
- +/-11%: world population that is undernourished
- 100 million: hectares of agricultural expansion in the tropics from 1980 to 2000, mainly cattle ranching in Latin America (+/-42 million ha), and plantations in Southeast Asia (+/-seven.5 million ha, of which 80% is oil palm), half of it at the expense of intact forests
- 3%: increase in land transformation to agriculture between 1992 and 2015, mostly at the expense of orests
- >33%: world'due south land surface (and +/-75% of freshwater resources) devoted to ingather or livestock production
- 12%: earth'south ice-costless country used for ingather production
- 25%: world'south ice-free country used for grazing (+/-70% of drylands)
- +/-25%: greenhouse gas emissions acquired by country immigration, crop production and fertilization, with animal-based food contributing 75% to that effigy
- +/-30%: global crop production and global food supply provided by small land holdings (<2 ha), using +/-25% of agricultural country, normally maintaining rich agrobiodiversity
- $100 billion: estimated level of fiscal support in OECD countries (2015) to agriculture that is potentially harmful to the environment
Oceans and Fishing
- 33%: marine fish stocks in 2015 existence harvested at unsustainable levels; 60% are maximally sustainably fished; 7% are underfished
- >55%: body of water area covered past industrial angling
- 3-10%: projected decrease in ocean internet main product due to climate alter lone by the cease of the century
- three-25%: projected decrease in fish biomass by the finish of the century in depression and high climate warming scenarios, respectively
- >90%: proportion of the global commercial fishers accounted for by small scale fisheries (over 30 million people) – representing most 50% of global fish catch
- Upwardly to 33%: estimated share in 2011 of world's reported fish take hold of that is illegal, unreported or unregulated
- >10%: decrease per decade in the extent of seagrass meadows from 1970-2000
- +/-l%: live coral cover of reefs lost since 1870s
- 100-300 meg: people in coastal areas at increased risk due to loss of coastal habitat protection
- 400: low oxygen (hypoxic) coastal ecosystem 'dead zones' caused past fertilizers, affecting >245,000 km2
- 29%: average reduction in the extinction chance for mammals and birds in 109 countries thanks to conservation investments from 1996 to 2008; the extinction risk of birds, mammals and amphibians would take been at least 20% greater without conservation action in recent decade
- >107: highly threatened birds, mammals and reptiles estimated to take benefitted from the eradication of invasive mammals on islands
Forests
- 45%: increase in raw timber production since 1970 (4 billion cubic meters in 2017)
- +/-thirteen 1000000: forestry industry jobs
- 50%: agricultural expansion that occurred at the expense of forests
- 50%: decrease in internet rate of woods loss since the 1990s (excluding those managed for timber or agricultural extraction)
- 68%: global forest expanse today compared with the estimated pre-industrial level
- 7%: reduction of intact forests (>500 sq. km with no human pressure) from 2000-2013 in developed and developing countries
- 290 1000000 ha (+/-6%): native woods embrace lost from 1990-2015 due to clearing and wood harvesting
- 110 million ha: ascension in the expanse of planted forests from 1990-2015
- ten-15%: global timber supplies provided by illegal forestry (upward to l% in some areas)
- >two billion: people who rely on wood fuel to meet their primary energy needs
Mining and Energy
- <one%: total land used for mining, but the industry has pregnant negative impacts on biodiversity, emissions, water quality and human health
- +/-17,000: large-scale mining sites (in 171 countries), mostly managed by 616 international corporations
- +/-half-dozen,500: offshore oil and gas ocean mining installations ((in 53 countries)
- Usa$345 billion: global subsidies for fossil fuels resulting in U.s.$5 trillion in overall costs, including nature deterioration externalities; coal accounts for 52% of mail service-tax subsidies, petroleum for +/-33% and natural gas for +/-10%
Urbanization, Development and Socioeconomic Issues
- >100%: growth of urban areas since 1992
- 25 million km: length of new paved roads foreseen by 2050, with 90% of construction in least developed and developing countries
- +/-l,000: number of large dams (>15m meridian) ; +/-17 meg reservoirs (>0.01 ha)
- 105%: increment in global human population (from three.7 to vii.six billion) since 1970 unevenly across countries and regions
- 50 times higher: per capita Gross domestic product in developed vs. to the lowest degree adult countries
- >ii,500: conflicts over fossil fuels, water, food and land currently occurring worldwide
- >1,000: ecology activists and journalists killed between 2002 and 2013
Health
- 70%: proportion of cancer drugs that are natural or synthetic products inspired by nature
- +/-4 billion: people who rely primarily on natural medicines
- 17%: infectious diseases spread by animal vectors, causing >700,000 annual deaths
- +/-821 1000000: people face food insecurity in Asia and Africa
- 40%: of the global population lacks access to clean and prophylactic drinking water
- >80%: global wastewater discharged untreated into the environment
- 300-400 million tons: heavy metals, solvents, toxic sludge, and other wastes from industrial facilities dumped annually into the world'southward waters
- 10 times: increase in plastic pollution since 1980
Climatic change
- 1 degree Celsius: average global temperature difference in 2017 compared to pre-industrial levels, rising +/-0.two (+/-0.1) degrees Celsius per decade
- >3 mm: annual average global bounding main level rise over the past ii decades
- 16-21 cm: ascension in global average sea level since 1900
- 100% increase since 1980 in greenhouse gas emissions, raising average global temperature by at to the lowest degree 0.vii caste
- 40%: rise in carbon footprint of tourism (to 4.5Gt of carbon dioxide) from 2009 to 2013
- viii%: of full greenhouse gas emissions are from transport and food consumption related to tourism
- v%: estimated fraction of species at risk of extinction from two°C warming solitary, ascent to 16% at 4.3°C warming
- Fifty-fifty for global warming of one.5 to ii degrees, the majority of terrestrial species ranges are projected to shrink profoundly.
Sustainable Evolution Goals
- Most: Aichi Biodiversity Targets for 2020 likely to be missed
- 22 of 44: assessed targets under the Sustainable Development Goals related to poverty, hunger, health, water, cities, climate, body of water and land are beingness undermined by substantial negative trends in nature and its contributions to people
- 72%: of local indicators in nature developed and used by Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities that prove negative trends
- 4: number of Aichi Targets where adept progress has been fabricated on certain components, with moderate progress on some components of another vii targets, poor progress on all components of 6 targets, and insufficient information to assess progress on some or all components of the remaining 3 targets
IPBES Partner Comments
"Nature makes human evolution possible but our relentless demand for the earth's resource is accelerating extinction rates and devastating the globe'south ecosystems. United nations Surroundings is proud to support the Global Assessment Report produced past the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services because it highlights the disquisitional demand to integrate biodiversity considerations in global controlling on whatever sector or claiming, whether its water or agriculture, infrastructure or concern."
– Joyce Msuya, Acting Head, United nations Surroundings
"Across cultures, humans inherently value nature. The magic of seeing fireflies flickering long into the night is immense. We depict energy and nutrients from nature. We find sources of food, medicine, livelihoods and innovation in nature. Our well-being fundamentally depends on nature. Our efforts to conserve biodiversity and ecosystems must be underpinned past the best science that humanity tin can produce. This is why the scientific testify compiled in this IPBES Global Assessment is so of import. It will help us build a stronger foundation for shaping the post 2020 global biodiversity framework: the 'New Deal for Nature and People'; and for achieving the SDGs."
– Achim Steiner, Administrator, United Nations Evolution Programme
"This essential report reminds each of u.s. of the obvious truth: the present generations take the responsibility to bestow to futurity generations a planet that is not irreversibly damaged by human activeness. Our local, indigenous and scientific knowledge are proving that we accept solutions and and then no more than excuses: we must live on earth differently. UNESCO is committed to promoting respect of the living and of its diversity, ecological solidarity with other living species, and to plant new, equitable and global links of partnership and intragenerational solidarity, for the perpetuation of humankind."
– Audrey Azoulay, Director-General, UNESCO
"The IPBES' 2019 Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services comes at a critical time for the planet and all its peoples. The report's findings – and the years of diligent work past the many scientists who contributed – volition offer a comprehensive view of the current conditions of global biodiversity. Healthy biodiversity is the essential infrastructure that supports all forms of life on earth, including human life. Information technology too provides nature-based solutions on many of the most disquisitional ecology, economical, and social challenges that we face every bit human social club, including climate alter, sustainable development, health, and water and food security. Nosotros are currently in the midst of preparing for the 2020 United nations Biodiversity Conference, in Mainland china, which will marker the close of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and prepare the form for a post 2020 ecologically focused sustainable development pathway to deliver multiple benefits for people, the planet and our global economy. The IPBES report will serve equally a fundamental baseline of where we are and where we need to become as a global community to inspire humanity to reach the 2050 Vision of the UN Biodiversity Convention "Living in harmony with nature". I want to extend my thanks and congratulations to the IPBES community for their hard piece of work, immense contributions and continued partnership."
– Cristiana Pasca Palmer, Executive Secretary, Convention on Biological Diversity
"The Global Assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem services adds a major element to the body of evidence for the importance of biodiversity to efforts to achieve the Zero Hunger objective and come across the Sustainable Development Goals. Together, assessments undertaken by IPBES, FAO, CBD and other organizations point to the urgent need for action to ameliorate conserve and sustainably employ biodiversity and to the importance of cross-sectoral and multidisciplinary collaboration amongst determination-makers and other stakeholders at all levels."
– Jose Graziano da Silva, Director-General, Food and Agronomics Organization of the Un
Notes to editors
IPBES has now released the Summary for Policymakers (SPM) of the Global Assessment study. The SPM presents the fundamental messages and policy options, as approved past the IPBES Plenary. To admission the SPM, photos, 'B-roll' and other media resources go to: fleck.ly/IPBESReport The full six-chapter Written report (including all data) is expected exceed i,500 pages and will be published subsequently this year.
Additional videos:
- IPBES Assessment of Country Degradation and Restoration (2018): world wide web.youtube.com/watch?5=KCt7aai17Nk
- IPBES Regional Assessments of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (2018): www.youtube.com/lookout man?5=kR0HeepbWCc
- IPBES Cess of Pollinators, Pollination and Food Product (2016): www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwkYbeiwK5A
- IPBES Cess of Scenarios and Models of Biodiversity (2016): www.youtube.com/lookout man?five=wZfcDmtGa9I
IPBES Partner Comments virtually the importance of the Written report:
- Joyce Msuya, Interim Caput, UN Surround
- Audrey Azoulay, Director-General, UNESCO
- José Graziano da Silva, Director-General, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
- Achim Steiner, Administrator, Un Development Programme
- Cristiana Pasca Palmer, Executive Secretary, Convention on Biological Diversity
About IPBES:
Often described as the "IPCC for biodiversity", IPBES is an independent intergovernmental body comprising more than 130 member Governments. Established past Governments in 2012, information technology provides policymakers with objective scientific assessments well-nigh the country of knowledge regarding the planet's biodiversity, ecosystems and the contributions they make to people, as well as the tools and methods to protect and sustainably utilize these vital natural assets. For more than data about IPBES and its assessments visit www.ipbes.net
Follow IPBES on Social Media:
twitter.com/@ipbes
linkedin.com/visitor/ipbes
youtube.com/ipbeschannel
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Source: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/05/nature-decline-unprecedented-report/
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